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Yrisarri, NM, United States
Inside every old person is a young person asking what in the hell happened!

Friday, November 13, 2009

Brain-Based Learning

Useful Websites
Read•Write•Think is a website providing educators and students access to the highest quality practices and resources in reading and language arts instruction.
Academic Earth provides free video courses from leading universities in most subject areas.  You can not get credit, but you can audit some awesome classes from universities like Yale and Stanford.
There is also a complete AP Test Prep course for your college bound students.
The 60 Second Brain Game and Word Wanderer are two games from Posit Science , a  company that provides brain training software.
More Brain Exercise is a site that has tons of interesting facts about the brain and exercises to help develop your brain's potential.

Articles of Interest
Kindergarten crunch: Lack of playtime killing joy of learning, say advocates : Early childhood education is becoming the first step in our stressful public schools.  We are creating high stakes testing for our youngest children! This article promotes the importance of play for kindergarten children. 
A Program Teaches Students What to Believe in the Digital World  This article discusses the topic of media literacy and the News Literacy project that brings seasoned journalists into high schools to help them learn how to interpret the news. 
From Brain-Based Research to Powerful Learning: Innovative Teaching Techniques In the Classroom visits Key Largo, a P-8 school of 1,200 students where all classrooms are wired and where the student-to-networked-computer ratio is 3 to 1.  It demonstrates ways to use technology to put brain-based research to work for our kids.


Thoughts from Yrisarri-Neuroscience and Education
I have always been interested in research concerning how the brain works and learning.  In 1980 my principal at La Plata Jr. High School brought a brain researcher to speak to the faculty and he told us of very interesting research concerning young adolescents and learning.  Since then I have attended workshops with Tim Burns, Eric Jensen and others speaking to this topic.  I believe that what neuroscientists are learning about how the brain works will change the way we teach.

In February LaWanda and I attended the Learning and the Brain conference in San Francisco.  The Learning and the Brain society is an organization dedicated to sharing information between educators and neuroscience.  They state in their members site that:
educators and neuroscientists share a great many goals. Neuroscience is delving into realms that have pre-occupied educators for years, such as learning and memory, the emotional development of children, the basis of musical talent, bilingual experiences, and dyslexia to name only a few areas of mutual interest.
At the conference almost every speaker spoke to this statement.  Neuroscientists are very interested in using their research to help teachers and are looking for feedback from eduacation to help them direct their research in useful ways.  As I think about what I have learned from my studies of how the brain works, I realize that much of their research reinforces what we already know about good teaching.  For instance, brain researchers have shown that if we want to remember something for a test, we need to practice with the information we want to remember.  Another finding that many educators already know is that vision trumps the other senses when learning new information.  But the brain research goes much deeper than just reinforcing what we know about good teaching.

An important neuroscientist's work that comes to my mind is Robert Saplosky .  His  Great Courses' class Biology and Human Behavior taught me how we are truly unique biological beings.  His presentation made me realize that there is no one way to teach everybody.  When we put students together in a lecture, we are lucky if only a few hear what is said, much less remember it.

Eric Medina's 10 brain rules have had a great impact on my thinking about teaching and learning.  His studies on stress strike me as one of the most important facts about our brains that all teachers should know.  Medina states that stressed brains do not learn the same way and:
Stress damages virtually every kind of cognition that exists. It damages memory and executive function. It can hurt your motor skills. When you are stressed out over a long period of time it disrupts your immune response. You get sicker more often. It disrupts your ability to sleep. You get depressed.
I believe that our competitive nature and fear of the future for our children have caused us to create schools that are institutions of stress.  Teachers can cause a child to feel stressed with a look, a few demeaning words or work that is beyond their ability.  We have not created places of safety and security for all children.

The research on memory holds much promise for teachers.  There is no one place that holds a memory.  Memory is a web of nueronal connections that have been prompted by something that can pull them together.  You have to cause students to remember what they already know in order to teach them something new!  In addition,  memories are suspect, brain research indicates that after you learn something you do not recall it exactly as it was learned.  Then, each time we recall that memory it is remembered as it was the last time it was recalled.  Memory is a complex process and if we want students to remember what we teach, brain research can help us understand how to do that.

The concept of the plastic brain is an important for educators to understand.   As Mariale Hardiman and Martha Denckla state in their article,  The Science of Education: Informing Teaching and Learning Throught the Brain Sciences:
Research shows that learning changes the brain. The brain is “plastic”—it makes new cellular connections and strengthens existing ones as we gain and integrate information and skills. In the past decade, the enormous growth in understanding brain plasticity has created an entirely new way to consider how learning and achievement take place in the education of children.
This means that everyone can learn.  The brain can change and adapt to meet the needs of each person.  Almost every child in school can learn what they need to know!

Probably the most important thing for teachers to know about brain research is that when a statement begins with "based upon brain research...." we should be skeptical.  Last week I used the article about Disney refunding money because of their claims about the Einstein Baby videos and learning were false.  There are many brain myths circulating in our culture and we need to research claims of better learning based upon brain research before we purchase programs making those claims.

Friday, November 6, 2009

Are we preparing our students for their future?

Useful Sites for Teachers
Teaching With Contests.com caused me to remember how much my students loved to study using games.  Here is a site full of academic contests students can enter!  In addition, you can find activities for different subject areas, as well as scholarship help and more.
Activity TV is a site that my 9 year-old grandson will love!  It contains hundreds of videos that will teach him how to do something new.  It includes activities for crafts, magic, dance and much more.  Activity TV Jr.  does the same for pre-schoolers.
Black Holes , a part of the Hubble Site, has students making decisions while exploring outer space looking for a black hole.  Great animations of the universe!
Mr. Martini's Classroom has all type of flash cards.  A great place to practice learning math facts in many math topics including algebra, fractions, geometry, the four basic operations and more.

Articles of Interest
Newsweek's Top 100 Books - This is a great list of books that should be read.  You will recognize the name of many books on the list that you will want your children to read.
For Improving Early Literacy, Reading Comics is No Child's Play from Science Daily is an interview with Carol L. Tilley a professor of library and information science who talks about understanding comics as literature. Last Week I provided a site for creating comics called Tap Into The World of Comics  This article points out another important aspect of the comic book.  Professor Tilley says;
Comics are just as sophisticated as other forms of literature, and children benefit from reading them at least as much as they do from reading other types of books.
This School is on a Mission by Grace Rubenstein describes YES Prep North Central. This charter school in Houston's mission is to send every graduate to college.  They are very successful.  I believe it is because they have motivated students (read last weeks blog).  These students achieve that same success at Sudbury Valley School where there are no classes.  YES has a lot of structure and the students come from lower economic background, but motivation is what drives the success of both groups.

Thoughts from Yrisarri
Education Reform and Web 3.0

I began working with technology in the 1960s.  I received an education which enabled me to understand how computers work.  As a library director I filled data bases with information from the card catalog and automated library operations.  Then, as a teacher and as a librarian, I began accessing and interacting with that information.  Thanks to the computer almost anybody today can do what I was trained to do, find infomation and interact with that information with on-line learning or some other variation of research, social, or academic networking program.

So I have worked through Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 and the experts say Web 3.0 is on its way.  Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of the world wide web calls it the "semantic web" which will,
...... enhance every piece of data on the Internet with related 'metadata' . This would, for instance, enable currently passive computer applications to think about the data you enter and advise you.
Wow, I thought my gradparents, born in 1899 and lived to experience the moon landing, had experienced change in their lifetime.  Think about that, you computer will think about the data and it will interact with you!  If I, in my lifetime have experienced such change, what will my grandchildren be wrapping their minds around?

Neuroscientists in their study of the brain have found that our environment literally wires our brain as we grow.  Don Tapscott in Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World speculates that;  
....from ages 8-18, the brain is still being built and that kids’ brains are becoming hard-wired to live in a digital culture.
So my grandchildren are going to grow up with a brain hard-wired to live in a digital culture!  What does this mean for education?  It seems that we have embraced web 1.0, still covet that data base of knowledge, and we use web 2.0 technology to present that data to our students.  But are we preparing our students for their future?

David Nagel, in an article entitled Are Schools Preparing Students for 21st Century Learning?  , reports that there is a "disconnect" between school administrators and parents on this topic. 
The findings were part of a report released this week--Learning in the 21st Century: Parents' Perspectives, Parents' Priorities. They were compiled from data collected as part of Project Tomorrow's annual Speak Up survey, which included responses from more than 335,000 K-12 administrators, students, parents, and educators.
The report says that parents think teachers need more training and schools need more "technology-infused approaches to education".  At the same time more than half of the prinicpals in the survey thought they were doing a good job preparing students for the 21st century.

I think that we need more than "technology-infused" approaches to education.  Our children are already infused with a way of thinking that includes technology.  We need to allow them the opportunity to learn to think about the massive amounts of data they will encounter.  How do they make meaning of all that infomation.  How do they deal with a machine that can think about their problems?  Can you teach them how to do that in 12 years?

The Speak Up Survey also notes that students are gravitating to on-line schools in astonishing numbers. Schools may not even have 12 years to help them make meaning of the data because they will be persuing information that interests them on-line. We must begin thinking about educating our children to think critically and creatively and we better be able to do it in a "technology-infused" manner.

Maybe we should begin treating the students and their parents as customers of the education system.  The education system has a product called curriculum that the customers can peruse to find the best  and most effective deal.  Will they know any better than the educaton establishment what is needed for the future?

Friday, October 30, 2009

Motivation

Useful Sites for Teachers

Tap Into the World of Comics is an on-line slide show by S. Hendy that has links to many different Comic Creator sites and provides 21 strategies for students to use the creators in their studies.  This site has something for students from about 8 years old to adult learners.
Roads to Reading by S. Hendy, a school librarian, provides a number of new book titles for children and adults working with childen. 
Goodreads is another site for people who love reading books.  It is social networking site for readers!  Here you can share book reviews and recommendatons with friends.  Threre are also groups you can create or join to read and discuss a book. 
Web Based Projects is a tremendous site for teachers looking for ideas to help students create better critical thinking skills.  These projects have been collected by the University of Richmond as one of the requirements for teacher education to receive their license.  These projects span all age groups.
Everystockphoto.com is a search engine for free photos.  They come from many sources and are labeled with specific licensing information.  This is a great place to send students doing reports.  Just taking a photo off the internet without understanding the copyright issue is not the way we want our children to learn.

Articles of Interest
Can You Make Your Baby Smarter, Sooner? is an interview from National Public Radio concerning the refunds to parents who bought the Baby Einstein videos in the belief that they would make their babies smarter. Dr. David Elkind of Tufts University said it best
I think what Head Start gave people the idea that education was a race and that the earlier you start, the earlier you finish and the better you finish. And that's a wrong idea. But unfortunately, wrong ideas often get you on much more easily than right ones. There's simply no evidence to support it
Teaching Kids to Cheat, is an article in Psychology Today where author Tina Seeling talks about the challenges of evaluating students without using traditional tests. She says,
I read an article a few weeks ago about all the ways kids cheat in school. I was prepared for a long list of terrible transgressions. About halfway through the list, I started to laugh out loud. I realized that almost all of the prohibited actions, such as getting help from other students and looking up material online, are things I require my students to do! As an educator who focuses on teaching students about innovation and entrepreneurship, I spend my time encouraging students how to find creative solutions to problems. They are urged to expand their frame of reference so that they can uncover a wider variety of solutions, to gain insights from everything and everyone they can, and to use all the tools in their midst.
 Get Granny to Google: How the Internet Helps Older Brains is an article I could not resist putting in Education Notes. I worked with technology in the military in the 1960s and have viewed the development of the field differently than many of my teaching peers. Over the years I have taught reluctant educators how to use different types of educational technology. Teaching the use of computers to adults was the most difficult task I undertook during my career. This article reports on a study from UCLA that;
determined for middle-aged and older folks, using the internet, particulalry search, causes enhanced neural stimulation leading to better reasoning and decision-making.
I told you good things would come from learning how to use computers!


Friday, October 23, 2009

Thoughts on Teacher Compensation plus Websites and Articles For Teachers

Sites of the Week
Open Library- Teachers  and  school librarians might be interested in this book website featuring 23,747,948 books (including 1,111,774 with full-text).  Once you have located a book you can browse for purchase or find it at a library.  Some are catalogued and some can be read online.
Watch Know - The Internet is full of useful information, but it's disorganized and often unreliable.  This site is collecting all the best free educational videos made for children, and making them findable and watchable on one website.  Many of the videos feature children sharing their knowledge.
Highlights Magazine - A great magazine has moved to the web and has many interesting games, puzzles, and activities for young children.
Pestworld for Kids - Here is a great site for youngsters interested in bugs.  Checkout the video contest underway that can earn $3000 for your school!

Articles of Interest 
Education Alone Can Not Save Our Economy by Anthony Cody in Teacher Magazine writes the following in his blog Living in Dialog:
Our goal should not be the degree at the end of college. Our goal is knowledge and the ability to do useful, creative and productive things in the world. The quality of education needs to be measured not by how well we get our students to score on tests, but on how capable they are at interacting powerfully with the real world. Are they able to do skillful work? Are they able to express themselves through writing, music and art? Can they invent solutions to the problems that have landed in their laps?
Getting it Wrong: Surprising Tips on How to Learn by Henry L. Roediger and Bridgig Finn in Scientific American Online debunks the myth of errorless learning.  Research shows that learning becomes better if conditions are arranged so that students make errors.  Just remember how much you learned when you went over the test in class the next day. 

Friday, October 16, 2009

Affective Teaching

SITES OF THE WEEK

Meet Me At The Corner is a place where children can take virtual field trips and meet fascinating people from all over the world.  Check out their Big Apple Book Club filled with video book reviews by kids for kids.

Edutopia is a web site dedicated to what works in public education.  There are a number of core concepts presented including Social Emotional Learning, Integrated Studies, Comprehensive Assessment, Technology Integration and Teacher Development.  This web site from the George Lucas Foundation has an online community dedicated to better learning.

Affective Education  Lesson Plans and Resources is dedicated to building classroom communities, social skills, friendship, kindness, self-esteem, feelings, values, and bullying prevention.  Probably the most important aspects of our education system.


Children's Kindness Network is a site for preschool teachers who want help in building a culture of kindness.  This is a place where we all need to start as we reform our schools!

ARTICLES OF INTEREST

As we talk about reform it is important to look beyond the growing culture of data, continuous evaluation and high stakes testing.  These only add to the problems we have.  I believe these are important concepts for schools, but should not be the central focus of reform.  What we have are institutions whose inhabitants, children and adults, are stressed out.  Part of that is caused by the importance of competition in our education system.  It begins in preschool and continues right on through college.  One college professor has developed a system of grading that is cooperative rather than competitive.  Cathy Davidson outsources grading to her students.  This method of dealing with grades puts the empasis on students working together, a real life skill!

As a librarian I was frequently thwarted by our school internet filters.  Getting information to our students in schools is not always easy.  That is why Do Internet Filters Undermine the Teaching of 21st Century Citizenship appealed to me.  In particular the following story sounds all to familiar.
Here we were, a group of educators participating in a professional development seminar trying to discuss the role that Web 2.0 sites can play in civic education - at a presidential library, no less - and we were denied access to the information and tools we needed to have that discussion. My hosts at the library did their best to override the filters, but no one could figure out how to do it. I literally had to pantomime some of the video clips to give them a sense of what I was going to show them - and obviously, I couldn’t do any of them justice. One teacher then offered a tip to the group: if you ever get blocked, ask your students for help - they can show you a number of ways to get around the filter and access YouTube.

THOUGHTS

Education Secretary Arne Duncan had some pretty tough words for teacher colleges at a speech he gave at the Curry School of Education, in Charlottesville, Va., on Friday 10/09.  One of the things he said made me realize that we are missing an important aspect of reform.  Duncan said, " Generally, not enough attention is paid to what works to boost student learning—and student-teachers are not trained in how to use data to improve their instruction and drive a cycle of continuous improvement for their students. ..."  I agree that we do not pay enough attention to student learning, but it is the social emotional learning that we ignore.  Think back on your days in school.  What do you remember?  I bet if you are honest you will remember a social or emotional moment not a particular piece of information.  We have a nation that has to build more prisons to house all of our offenders while we are reforming our schools to make sure all 18 years olds have had Algebra II.  Something seems amiss.

Until we focus on creating a culture of kindness in our schools and teach our citizens how to interact with one another in appropriate ways, Arne Duncan's admonitions are useless.  To improve teaching we need to have teachers who understand children, our culture and the need of citizens to learn to cooperate with one another.

Friday, October 9, 2009

Race To The Top

The federal government is putting its money for educational reform behind a program called Race To The Top. The goals of this program are to:

provide $4.35 billion for the Race to the Top Fund, a competitive grant program designed to encourage and reward States that are creating the conditions for education innovation and reform; achieving significant improvement in student outcomes, including making substantial gains in student achievement, closing achievement gaps, improving high school graduation rates, and ensuring student preparation for success in college and careers; and implementing ambitious plans in four core education reform areas:

• Adopting internationally-benchmarked standards and assessments that prepare students for success  
  in college and the workplace;
• Recruiting, developing, retaining, and rewarding effective teachers and principals;
• Building data systems that measure student success and inform teachers and principals how they  
  can improve their practices; and
• Turning around our lowest-performing schools.

While these are important goals I believe they miss  half the needs of the children in our education system. A recent survey from the justice Department claims that over 60 per cent of our children are exposed to violence.  The survey found that, “Nearly half of all children surveyed were assaulted at least once in the past year, and about 6 percent were victimized sexually."

Reform that does not address the social emotional needs of our children is not a complete reform program. There are students sitting in our classes that can not focus because their daily lives are chaotic. NCLB has caused us to focus on the competitive nature of our society and provide even more stress for children, teachers and adminstrators. I fear that Race To The Top is more of the same.

While it is important to address academic performance and student outcomes it need not be framed in terms of competition. There were a number of reforms that began in the 90s such as portfolios and individualization. These reforms have been lost in NCLB reform.  With the advance of technology it seems to me that those ideas should be looked at again. We need to reduce the amount stress caused by the high stakes testing that has become the norm.

While we have been ratcheting up our testing to meet international standards, other countries have adopted our ideas of the 90s. Singapore comes to mind. They worked to reduce stress in their schools by developing programs emphasizing critical thinking skills. Yong Zhao, a professor at Michigan State, in a new book, Catching Up or Leading the Way: American Education in the Age of Globalization, draws upon his experience in the Chinese education system and argues that Chinese officials are changing their system to reduce their high stakes admission tests and promote critical-thinking skills. Education Week reports that Zhao says, "Clearly, American education has been moving toward authoritarinism".

As the feds pour money into education and seek national standards our national fixation on fear of "losing" will cause them to replace our system of local control of schools. Graduates of our schools have created the strongest economy in the world with freedoms others do not enjoy.  To limit our freedoms to compete with authoritarian regimes does not seem logical.


SITE OF THE WEEK

Friday, October 2, 2009

National Standards

Common Core
The National Governors Association and Council of Chief State School Officers released the first official draft of the Common Core State Standards Initiative and will be accepting feedback on the draft until October 21, 2009. This initiative is a set of Core Standards for college and career readiness in maths and language arts. Arne Duncan, the Secretary of Education, has applauded this initiative and stated, "There is no work more important than preparing our students to compete and succeed in a global economy, and it is to the credit of these states that this work is getting done.” I am not opposed to national standards that are process oriented but believe that the problems these standards propose to solve are systemic in our culture not failures caused by the schools. It is more important to address the skills of living in our culture and motivating children to love learning before we set standards that address the problems of universities and career development.

In his article entitled National Subject-Matter Standards? Be Careful What You Wish For Marion Brady wrote “ It will fail for the same reason the No Child Left Behind Act failed—because it will be driven by data derived from simplistic tests keyed to simplistic standards keyed to a simplistic, dysfunctional, obsolete, 19th-century curriculum.” I agree with his assessment of national standards when viewed as a core of knowledge. Standards for college bound students can be controlled by universities. If they have higher expectations, students will meet them. Those who truly want to go to college work hard to achieve their dreams.

A reading of the standards led me to think that we are trying too hard to quantify what we learn as opposed to how we learn. Most of the standards have been in place in our schools for a long time. I guess that pulling them together into a list is a good idea but, I am not sure it is necessary. The standards for world wide competition can be met if we devise an education system of cooperation that individualizes skill development, teaches problem solving and how to find answers to questions. These are skills needed to succeed in the 21st century.

I fear that common core standards will lead us to spend more time teaching a common core of knowledge rather than those skills students will need for the future. I can’t help but think about a video I saw where a teacher was working with a group of elementary students who were developing a project. As she questioned them about their project they would pull out their mobile devices and look up the information they needed to answer the questions and fully develop the project. This points out that the common core of knowledge needed for any project is available to anyone who can use today's technology and knows how to ask the right questions.

The standards that are being developed do not, in my opinion, address the primary aim of our schools. A set of common standards should address the notion of literacy, citizenship and problem solving skills you need in life. Our present aim to send everyone to college is unrealistic just like our expectations in No Child Left Behind. Not everyone is going to go to college or begin a career when they are 18. It seems to me that as our population ages, childhood should be extended to provide life experiences and some time for fun. We are all going to work for 30 or 40 years. Let’s ease up on our kids and let them explore the possibilities of life and develop lifelong learning and coping skills before going to work.

The core standards being developed are more of the same stuff we have been doing since the 19th century. We need some ideas for the 21st century!!

Some Sites of Interest
Flowing Data is a website all about visualizing data so that it can be used. You can't visualize it if you don't find it. A problem I encountered time and again with students doing research was there total reliance on Google for information. It is a fine search engine but there are other places to go. Flowing Data's 30 Resources to Find the Data You Need could be helpful to extend a student's understanding of how to find informtion.

Fighting Drug Use
Teachers frequently encounter adolescent attitudes towards drugs and alcohol that are based upon popular culture's view of their use rather than facts. I was always looking for ways to try to convince my students that children's brains are growing and the use of drugs and alcohol can be detremental to them. They were frequently skeptical. Here are two sites that have some information about the effects of drugs and alcholol on the teenage brain from Scientific American Online:

Marijuana Hurts Some and Helps Others and Is Bad Judgment the Cause and Effect of Adolescent Binge Drinking have some useful information for teenagers.